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Dietary inflammatory index and prostate cancer risk in a case-control study in Mexico
Ruth A Vázquez-Salas1, Nitin Shivappa2, Marcia Galván-Portillo1
11Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP),Av. Universidad 655,Col. Sta. María Ahuacatitlán,62100 Cuernavaca,Morelos,México.
Abstract:
Recent evidence suggests that a pro-inflammatory diet could be associated with prostate cancer (PC) risk. To evaluate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and PC risk as well as aggressiveness, we conducted a case-control study in Mexico City. Cases were 394 individuals with incident, histologically confirmed PC, who were matched by age (±5 years) with 794 population controls. Dietary information was obtained through a semi-quantitative FFQ with a 3-year frame of reference before diagnosis, for cases, or interview, for controls. On the basis of twenty-eight food parameters, we estimated the energy-adjusted DII (E-DII). According to the Gleason score at diagnosis, PC cases were categorised as high (≥8), moderate (=7) and low (≤6) PC risk. Independent, unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate PC risk and PC aggressiveness. There were no significant associations between overall PC risk and E-DII (OR3rd v. 1st tertile 1·18; 95 % CI 0·85, 1·63; P=0·33) or among men with high-risk PC (Gleason≥8) (OR 1·46; 95 % CI 0·88, 2·42; P=0·14). These results do not support the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet is related to PC risk and PC aggressiveness. However, further studies with larger sample sizes, with sufficient statistical power and of varying designs should be conducted to address this hypothesis.
Insights
A pro-inflammatory diet, measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), was not significantly associated with prostate cancer (PC) risk or aggressiveness in a Mexican population. Further research is needed to confirm these findings on diet and prostate cancer.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition and Cancer Epidemiology
- Dietary Inflammatory Index Research
- Prostate Cancer Etiology
Background:
- Emerging evidence links pro-inflammatory diets to increased prostate cancer (PC) risk.
- The role of dietary patterns in PC development and progression requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and the risk of developing prostate cancer.
- To evaluate the relationship between E-DII and prostate cancer aggressiveness, categorized by Gleason score.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted in Mexico City involving 394 PC cases and 794 controls.
- Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to estimate E-DII.
- Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the association between E-DII and PC risk/aggressiveness, adjusting for confounders.
Main Results:
- No statistically significant association was found between overall PC risk and E-DII tertiles (OR 1.18; 95% CI 0.85–1.63).
- Similarly, E-DII was not significantly associated with high-risk PC (Gleason ≥8) (OR 1.46; 95% CI 0.88–2.42).
Conclusions:
- The study's findings do not support the hypothesis that a pro-inflammatory diet, as measured by E-DII, is linked to prostate cancer risk or aggressiveness.
- Larger, more powerful studies with diverse designs are recommended to further explore the diet-PC relationship.
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