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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Related Experiment Video

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Humanized Mediator Release Assay as a Read-Out for Allergen Potency
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An update on allergen immunotherapy.

S Hasan Arshad1

  • 1Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|December 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) offers a unique approach to treating allergic diseases by addressing immune dysfunction. This safe and effective treatment option provides long-term benefits beyond symptom management for conditions like allergic rhinitis and asthma.

Keywords:
Allergenanaphylaxisasthmahouse dust miteimmunoglobulin Eimmunotherapypollenrhinitis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a century-old treatment for allergic diseases.
  • Unlike symptomatic treatments, AIT targets the underlying immune dysfunction.
  • Its safety and efficacy are established, but cost-effectiveness requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy.
  • To discuss the different routes of administration and their implications.
  • To highlight the current use and considerations for AIT in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on AIT.
  • Analysis of data on subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes, including symptom reduction, medication use, quality of life, and long-term remission.

Main Results:

  • AIT is effective in reducing allergic rhinitis, asthma, and insect allergy symptoms and medication needs.
  • SCIT shows greater long-term remission but carries a risk of systemic reactions.
  • SLIT is safer and more convenient, though long-term efficacy data are less robust.

Conclusions:

  • AIT is a safe and effective treatment for allergic diseases, offering sustained benefits.
  • It should be considered a valuable therapeutic option for patients with allergic conditions.
  • Further research into the cost-effectiveness of AIT is warranted.