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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...

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Mesenchymal Cell Community Effect in Whole Tooth Bioengineering.

L Yang¹, A Angelova Volponi¹, Y Pang¹

¹1 Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK.

Journal of Dental Research

|December 9, 2016

Summary

Cultured embryonic dental mesenchyme cells can contribute to bioengineered tooth formation when mixed with uncultured cells. Postnatal pulp cells lose tooth-forming capacity after in vitro expansion and can inhibit embryonic cell function.

Keywords:

in vitro expansion mixed cell recombination odontogenic capacity postnatal dental pulp cells root formation tooth inducing cells

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Developmental Biology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Successful bioengineered tooth formation requires abundant cells, necessitating in vitro expansion.
In vitro expanded cells typically respond to inductive signals rather than initiating tooth development.
The capacity of cultured cells to contribute to tooth bioengineering remains a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if combining cultured embryonic dental mesenchyme cells with uncultured cells can rescue tooth bioengineering potential.
To evaluate the contribution of postnatal dental pulp cells to bioengineered tooth formation.
To determine the effects of cell mixing ratios on tooth induction and formation.

Main Methods:

A cell-mixing approach using genetically labeled cells was employed.
Contributions of cultured embryonic dental mesenchyme cells and postnatal dental pulp cells were assessed.
Bioengineered teeth were analyzed for the presence of pulp cells and odontoblasts.

Main Results:

Cultured embryonic dental mesenchyme cells, while unable to induce tooth formation alone, contributed to induction and formation when mixed with non-cultured cells.
Teeth formed from mixtures of embryonic and postnatal dental pulp cells, but these postnatal cells did not form pulp or odontoblasts and inhibited formation at a 1:1 ratio.
In vitro expansion rendered postnatal pulp cells incapable of tooth induction or formation and inhibitory to embryonic cells at specific ratios.

Conclusions:

In vitro expansion of embryonic tooth mesenchymal cells compromises their inductive capacity but not their ability to contribute to tooth formation and differentiate into odontoblasts.
Postnatal dental pulp cells lose all tooth-inducing and tooth-forming capacity after in vitro expansion.
Cellular interactions and ratios are critical for successful bioengineered tooth formation, with specific cell populations exhibiting inhibitory effects post-expansion.