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The Mental Status Examination.

David Norris1, Molly S Clark1, Sonya Shipley1

  • 1University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.

American Family Physician
|December 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mental status examination assesses cognitive functions using various tools and physician observation. It aids in differentiating neurologic and psychiatric disorders but requires clinical judgment for interpretation and further testing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The mental status examination is a crucial component of clinical encounters.
  • It involves general observations and specific cognitive function testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the scope and utility of the mental status examination.
  • To discuss available tools and the role of clinical judgment.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of cognitive functions including attention, memory, language, and executive functioning.
  • Utilizing standardized tools like the Mini-Mental State Examination and Mini-Cog.
  • Emphasis on physician observation and clinical judgment for tool selection and interpretation.

Main Results:

  • The examination differentiates systemic, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., delirium, dementia, schizophrenia).
  • Available tools have variable sensitivity and specificity; none are diagnostic alone.
  • Interpretation requires integration with physician observation.

Conclusions:

  • The mental status examination is valuable for differential diagnosis.
  • Physician judgment is essential in tool selection and interpreting results.
  • Further testing protocols for abnormal findings are based on clinical judgment.