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Related Concept Videos

Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections: Recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

Karen C Lee1, Quyen Ngo-Metzger1, Tracy Wolff1

  • 1Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA.

American Family Physician
|December 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends behavioral counseling and screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to reduce risk. Key screenings include chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis, with specific guidelines for different populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a significant public health challenge.
  • Risk assessment and targeted screening are crucial for effective STI prevention and management.
  • Current guidelines require regular updates to reflect evolving evidence and population needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for behavioral counseling and screening for STIs.
  • To guide clinicians in identifying individuals at increased risk for STIs.
  • To outline screening protocols for specific STIs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of evidence by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
  • Assessment of benefits and harms of behavioral counseling and screening interventions.
  • Consideration of patient demographics, risk factors, and community-level data.

Main Results:

  • Intensive behavioral counseling is recommended for sexually active adolescents and high-risk adults to reduce STI acquisition and risky behaviors.
  • Screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea is recommended for all sexually active women 24 years and younger, and older women at increased risk.
  • Screening for HIV is recommended for all individuals aged 15–65 years, and for those at increased risk. Screening for hepatitis B and syphilis is recommended for high-risk individuals. All pregnant women should be screened for HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral counseling and targeted STI screening are effective preventive strategies.
  • Recommendations vary based on age, sexual activity, and individual risk factors.
  • Screening for asymptomatic herpes simplex virus infection is not recommended due to insufficient evidence.