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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

3.4K
The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
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Autoregulation of Blood Flow01:17

Autoregulation of Blood Flow

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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
Chemical Signaling in Autoregulation
Chemical signaling operates at the precapillary sphincter level, inciting either contraction or relaxation....
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock01:24

Blood Pressure Imbalances and Circulatory Shock

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Disorders affecting blood volume, vascular tone, or vascular function can disrupt vascular homeostasis, including conditions like hypertension, hemorrhage, and shock.
Blood Pressure: Hypertension and Hypotension
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm Hg. Elevated blood pressure is 120-129/under 80 mm Hg. Hypertension, warranting treatment at 130/80 mm Hg, is often asymptomatic and can lead to severe cardiovascular events, aneurysms, peripheral arterial disease, chronic renal disease, or cardiac...
1.8K
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

5.4K
The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

4.0K
Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Standardized Hemorrhagic Shock Induction Guided by Cerebral Oximetry and Extended Hemodynamic Monitoring in Pigs
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Hemodynamic coherence in sepsis.

Andrea Morelli1, Maurizio Passariello2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto Primo, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology
|December 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sepsis causes microvascular alterations, impacting organ function and survival. This review explores septic microcirculatory dysfunction and potential treatments beyond conventional hemodynamic manipulation.

Keywords:
microcirculationmicrovascular dysfunctionmicrovascular resuscitationsepsisseptic shock

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Pathophysiology
  • Vascular biology

Background:

  • Microvascular alterations are central to sepsis pathophysiology.
  • Inflammation in sepsis severely disrupts the microcirculation.
  • The extent of microvascular changes correlates with organ dysfunction and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of septic microcirculatory dysfunction.
  • To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies for microcirculatory improvement in sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on sepsis and microcirculation.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

  • Septic inflammation profoundly affects microvascular function.
  • Conventional treatments focus on systemic hemodynamics, with limited success.
  • Novel therapeutic approaches are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding septic microcirculatory dysfunction is key to developing effective treatments.
  • Future therapies may target specific microcirculatory pathways.
  • Improving microcirculation is critical for sepsis patient outcomes.