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Binge alcohol alters exercise-driven neuroplasticity.

Emily A Barton1, Yanbin Lu2, Murad Megjhani2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77204-5022, United States.

Neuroscience
|December 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Binge alcohol consumption alters brain microglia morphology and reduces their numbers. Exercise, while normally increasing microglia, fails to do so in animals with prior alcohol exposure, indicating lasting alcohol effects on brain repair mechanisms.

Keywords:
binge alcohol consumptionexercisemedial prefrontal cortexmicroglia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology
  • Alcohol Research

Background:

  • Exercise is a potential treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD).
  • Alcohol negatively impacts brain glial cells, while exercise promotes glial health.
  • The interaction between alcohol exposure and exercise on brain glia is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if binge alcohol exposure affects exercise-induced changes in glia.
  • To examine the effects of binge alcohol on microglia and astrocytes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Main Methods:

  • Adult female rats were exposed to a binge alcohol (ethanol) or control diet.
  • Following abstinence, rats underwent a sedentary or exercise period.
  • Immunofluorescence and computational image analysis (FARSIGHT) were used to quantify microglia and astrocyte number and morphology in the mPFC.

Main Results:

  • Exercise increased microglia numbers in control rats but not in binge-alcohol-exposed rats.
  • Binge alcohol exposure led to microglia with thicker, shorter arbors and less branching, suggesting partial activation.
  • No significant changes in astrocyte number or morphology were observed.

Conclusions:

  • Binge alcohol exposure has lasting effects on microglia morphology in the mPFC.
  • Alcohol exposure impairs the brain's ability to increase microglia numbers in response to exercise.
  • These findings highlight alcohol's detrimental impact on neuroplasticity and potential glial-mediated recovery mechanisms.