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Sensitivity to Crossover Constraints During Native and Non-native Pronoun Resolution.

Claudia Felser1, Janna-Deborah Drummer2

  • 1Potsdam Research Institute for Multilingualism, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany. felser@uni-potsdam.de.

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Native and non-native German speakers process pronoun resolution differently based on crossover constraints. Strong crossover (SCO) immediately restricts interpretation, unlike weak crossover (WCO).

Keywords:
Eye-movement monitoringGermanPronoun resolutionStrong crossoverWeak crossover

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Pronoun resolution is a complex cognitive process crucial for language comprehension.
  • Crossover constraints, specifically strong (SCO) and weak (WCO), influence how potential antecedents are assigned to pronouns.
  • Understanding how native and non-native speakers process these constraints offers insights into language acquisition and processing mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate native and non-native German speakers' sensitivity to strong crossover (SCO) and weak crossover (WCO) constraints during pronoun resolution.
  • To determine if SCO and WCO constraints are processed differently and at what stage of comprehension.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using German sentences with personal pronouns in SCO and WCO configurations.
  • Experiment 1 employed eye-movement monitoring during reading to track processing times and identify early effects.
  • Experiment 2 utilized an offline antecedent judgment task to assess comprehension outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Both native and non-native speakers showed immediate gender-mismatch effects in weak crossover (WCO) configurations, indicating initial attempts at coreference.
  • No such effects were observed in strong crossover (SCO) configurations, suggesting SCO constraints are applied early to restrict interpretation.
  • Results from the offline task corroborated the reading-time data, showing a clear asymmetry between SCO and WCO processing.

Conclusions:

  • The strong crossover (SCO) constraint immediately restricts pronoun interpretation for both native and non-native German speakers.
  • Weak crossover (WCO) constraints appear to be processed differently, allowing for initial attempts at coreference.
  • The findings suggest that SCO and WCO constraints may originate from distinct processing mechanisms or linguistic principles.