Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Acute death Camas (Toxicoscordion venenosum) plant poisoning in seven family members following foraging for wild onions.

The American journal of emergency medicine·2024

Same author

Methamphetamine Poisoning After "Plugging" Intentional Recreational Rectal Use.

The Journal of emergency medicine·2024

Same author

Palliative care patient emergency department visits at tertiary university-based emergency department in Ireland.

The American journal of emergency medicine·2023

Same author

Death from cardiac glycoside "pong-pong" following use as weight-loss supplement purchased on Internet.

The American journal of emergency medicine·2020

Same author

Polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution increases tablet dissolution of acetaminophen in an in vitro model mimicking acute poisoning.

The American journal of emergency medicine·2019

Same author

Reasons for Energy Drink Use and Reported Adverse Effects Among Adolescent Emergency Department Patients.

Pediatric emergency care·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Pyelonephritis following phenazopyridine use.

Sean Patrick Nordt¹

¹Department of Emergency Medicine Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, KAM 100F, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine

|December 13, 2016

Summary

Extended use of phenazopyridine, an over-the-counter urinary analgesic, can mask symptoms of urinary tract infections. This delay in appropriate treatment can lead to serious complications like pyelonephritis.

More Related Videos

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Area of Science:

Urology
Pharmacology

Background:

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, with cystitis being a frequent initial presentation.
Phenazopyridine is a widely available over-the-counter (OTC) analgesic used for UTI symptom relief.
OTC medications can sometimes be misused, leading to unintended health consequences.

Observation:

A 40-year-old female used phenazopyridine for an extended period for uncomplicated cystitis symptoms.
The phenazopyridine provided partial symptom relief, leading to continued solitary use.
The patient later presented with systemic signs and symptoms indicative of acute pyelonephritis.

Findings:

Phenazopyridine lacks antibacterial properties, meaning it does not treat the underlying infection.
The analgesic effect of phenazopyridine masked the progression of the lower UTI.
The untreated lower UTI advanced to acute pyelonephritis, necessitating intravenous antibiotic treatment.

Implications:

Extended use of phenazopyridine without addressing the root cause of UTI can lead to severe kidney infections.
Enhanced patient education regarding the limitations of OTC phenazopyridine is crucial.
Timely diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy are essential for managing UTIs and preventing complications.