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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.8K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.8K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.6K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.6K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.6K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.5K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.5K
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

5.1K
Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
5.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Silicon Nanowires and Optical Stimulation for Investigations of Intra- and Intercellular Electrical Coupling
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Silicon Nanowires and Optical Stimulation for Investigations of Intra- and Intercellular Electrical Coupling

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Nonlinear coupling in graphene-coated nanowires.

Yixiao Gao1,2, Ilya V Shadrivov2

  • 1Key Lab of All Optical Network &Advanced Telecommunication Network of EMC, Institute of Lightwave Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China.

Scientific Reports
|December 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

We demonstrate a novel nonlinear coupler using graphene-coated nanowires. This device allows for tunable control of plasmon routing in nanocircuits by manipulating input power, leveraging graphene

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Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Silicon Nanowires and Optical Stimulation for Investigations of Intra- and Intercellular Electrical Coupling
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Published on: January 28, 2021

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Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices
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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
  • Materials Science (Graphene)

Background:

  • Development of tunable nanoplasmonic circuits is crucial for advanced optical computing and communication.
  • Graphene's unique third-order nonlinear optical properties offer potential for novel photonic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and analyze a nonlinear coupler based on graphene-coated nanowires.
  • To investigate the control of plasmon routing using input power and graphene's nonlinear response.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of nonlinear wave interactions using coupled mode equations derived from the Lorentz reciprocity theorem.
  • Modeling of a coupler comprising a pair of single-mode graphene-coated nanowires.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of input power-dependent control over plasmon routing in the proposed structure.
  • Validation of graphene's third-order nonlinear response as the mechanism for routing control.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene nonlinearity can be effectively utilized in tunable nanoplasmonic circuits.
  • The proposed low-loss, edgeless cylindrical graphene waveguides are suitable for such applications.