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Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Disorders of Ruminants.
Mélanie J Boileau1, John Gilliam1
1Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, 2065 West Farm Road, Stillwater, OK 74078-2041, USA.
The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|December 14, 2016
Summary
Asymmetrical brainstem disease in ruminants is rare, with listeriosis, otitis, and pituitary abscesses as key differentials. Diagnosis relies on clinical signs and advanced imaging, with treatment often unrewarding for pituitary abscesses.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Neurology
- Ruminant Medicine
Background:
- Asymmetrical signs of brainstem disease are uncommon in ruminants.
- Common differential diagnoses include listeriosis, otitis media/interna, and pituitary abscess syndrome.
Purpose of the Study:
- To differentiate between common causes of asymmetrical brainstem disease in ruminants.
- To highlight diagnostic approaches and treatment outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Clinical evaluation focusing on historical findings and subtle clinical differences.
- Supportive role of basic laboratory diagnostic tests.
- Utilization of advanced imaging techniques for otitis media/interna.
Main Results:
- Listeriosis, otitis media/interna, and pituitary abscess syndrome present with brainstem dysfunction.
- Clinical differentiation is often possible based on specific findings.
- Advanced imaging aids in diagnosing otitis media/interna.
- Necropsy confirms presumptive clinical diagnoses.
Conclusions:
- Definitive diagnosis of asymmetrical brainstem disease in ruminants often requires necropsy.
- Treatment with antibiotics is prolonged but generally ineffective for pituitary abscess syndrome.
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