Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Quantifying Work

Quantifying Work

As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Improving Race and Ethnicity Data Collection in an Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Pediatrics·2026

Same author

Clinicians' Knowledge, Confidence and Skills: A Retrospective Evaluation of an Interdisciplinary Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Simulation Workshop.

Nursing in critical care·2026

Same author

Experiences with and reporting racism during medical school.

Journal of the National Medical Association·2026

Same author

A Clinically Integrated Pediatric Patient-Derived Xenograft Program Enables Evaluation of Cohort and Patient-Specific Biology and Therapeutic Strategies.

Cancer research·2026

Same author

The benefits and costs of domiciliary care: a study protocol for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of domiciliary care in England.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of fibrolamellar carcinoma.

Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Published on: February 10, 2016

Personal Digital Assistant-Based Self-Work Sampling Study of Pediatric Interns Quantifies Workday and Educational

Joyce K Campbell¹, Michael V Ortiz¹, Mary C Ottolini¹

¹Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC.

Academic Pediatrics

|December 15, 2016

Summary

Interns spend most workday time on electronic health records (EHR) and team communication, not patient care. Planned educational activities offer higher perceived value than clinical service, highlighting a mismatch in intern training.

Keywords:

PDA education intern self-work sampling

More Related Videos

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Published on: July 27, 2022

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Published on: February 10, 2016

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Published on: July 27, 2022

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Area of Science:

Medical Education
Internal Medicine
Healthcare Informatics

Background:

Optimizing resident clinical proficiency and education is crucial due to restricted duty hours.
Understanding intern time allocation and educational value is essential for effective training.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate intern time distribution on inpatient rotations.
To assess the perceived educational value of various workday activities.

Main Methods:

A descriptive self-work sampling study was conducted.
Interns used personal digital assistants (PDAs) for real-time activity logging and perceived educational value ratings (4-point Likert scale).

Main Results:

Electronic health record (EHR) use occupied 33% of intern time, followed by team communication (23%), educational activities (17%), and patient/family time (12%).
Time with patients and families was rated most educational; EHR use was rated least educational.
Planned educational activities were perceived as excellent/good 81% of the time, compared to 37% for clinical service.

Conclusions:

Interns dedicate the majority of their time to EHR use and communication.
Planned educational activities are perceived as more valuable than clinical service time.
Current daily activity distribution is misaligned with interns' perceived educational value.