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Related Experiment Videos

The access of relevant information for solving problems.

B H Ross, W J Ryan, P L Tenpenny

    Memory & Cognition
    |September 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    People can learn to use relevant information for problem-solving over time, even without explicit guidance. Informed individuals still benefit from clues, even when not all problems provide them.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Problem Solving and Information Retrieval

    Background:

    • Problem solvers often struggle to retrieve relevant information without explicit cues.
    • Prior research suggests explicit information is crucial for effective retrieval.
    • Bowden (1985) proposed that extended problem-solving time could aid uninformed individuals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how problem solvers retrieve and utilize recently acquired information for riddle problems.
    • To examine the impact of explicit information versus extended problem-solving time on performance.
    • To analyze retrieval characteristics by varying the proportion of problems with provided clues.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments were conducted involving riddle problems.
    • Participants were divided into informed and uninformed groups regarding information relevance.

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  • The proportion of problems for which clues were provided was systematically varied.

    • Main Results:

    • Uninformed subjects improved problem-solving performance over time, suggesting they learned to "catch on" to information relevance.
    • Informed subjects benefited from receiving clues, even when provided for only half the problems.
    • There was no significant cost incurred by informed subjects from being misdirected on problems without clues.

    Conclusions:

    • Problem solvers can adapt and learn to utilize relevant information implicitly with sufficient time.
    • Providing clues for a subset of problems can still enhance performance without negative consequences.
    • Accessing and retrieving relevant information plays a significant role in the dynamics of problem-solving processes.