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Maternal weight gain and preterm delivery.

B Abrams1, V Newman, T Key

  • 1Department of Social and Administrative Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
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Maternal weight gain impacts preterm birth risk. Low weight gain (<0.27 kg/week) significantly increases the likelihood of spontaneous preterm delivery, especially after 20 weeks gestation.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Preterm birth remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding modifiable risk factors like maternal nutrition is crucial for prevention.
  • Previous research suggests a link between inadequate maternal weight gain and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal weight gain patterns and the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth.
  • To quantify the risk of preterm delivery in relation to different rates of gestational weight gain.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 2163 women from the Prenatal Nutrition Project (1978-1986).
  • Multivariate analysis was employed to assess the relationship between weight gain rates and preterm birth.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Weight gain rates were categorized as low (<0.27 kg/week), average (0.27-0.52 kg/week), and high (>0.52 kg/week).

    • Main Results:

    • Women with a low rate of weight gain had a 60% increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth compared to those with an average rate.
    • A low rate of weight gain was associated with more than double the likelihood of preterm delivery compared to a high rate (Odds Ratio = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.49-4.88).
    • These significant differences in weight gain emerged after 20 weeks of gestation.

    Conclusions:

    • Inadequate maternal weight gain, particularly after 20 weeks gestation, is a significant risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth.
    • Optimizing gestational weight gain may be a viable strategy for preterm birth prevention.
    • Further research into specific nutritional interventions is warranted to support healthy pregnancy weight gain.