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Multivoxel neurofeedback selectively modulates confidence without changing perceptual performance.

Aurelio Cortese1,2,3,4, Kaoru Amano3, Ai Koizumi1,3

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Subjective confidence may not reflect perceptual accuracy. New research using decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) shows manipulating confidence signals in the brain did not alter performance, challenging existing metacognition theories.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Metacognition Research

Background:

  • A key debate in metacognition is whether confidence accurately reflects perceptual reliability.
  • Normative models assume optimal neural computations, suggesting confidence should align with accuracy.
  • Alternative views propose confidence is a separate estimation, potentially dissociable from core perceptual processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between subjective confidence and perceptual accuracy.
  • To determine if manipulating neural correlates of confidence impacts performance.
  • To challenge theoretical models assuming a direct link between confidence and perceptual reliability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized decoded neurofeedback (DecNef) to manipulate multivoxel activity patterns associated with confidence.
  • Targeted a frontoparietal network implicated in confidence estimation.
  • Conducted psychophysical analyses to assess perceptual accuracy and rule out strategic reporting biases.

Main Results:

  • Bi-directional manipulation of confidence signals did not lead to changes in perceptual accuracy.
  • Psychophysical analyses excluded simple shifts in reporting strategy as an explanation for the findings.
  • Demonstrated a systematic dissociation between subjective confidence levels and objective performance.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective confidence is dissociable from the reliability of perceptual processes.
  • Findings challenge normative models of metacognition that assume confidence directly reflects neural optimality.
  • Provides neuroscientific evidence against the direct reflection of perceptual accuracy by confidence.