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  3. Response Time As A Proxy For Decision Confidence: Insights From Type-2 Roc Analysis.
  1. Home
  3. Response Time As A Proxy For Decision Confidence: Insights From Type-2 Roc Analysis.

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Response Time as a Proxy for Decision Confidence: Insights From Type-2 ROC Analysis.

Kiyofumi Miyoshi1, Dobromir Rahnev2, Hakwan Lau3,4,5

  • 1Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Open Mind : Discoveries in Cognitive Science
|June 5, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Response time (RT) data offers significant insights into decision-making, comparable to confidence ratings. Integrating RT into type-2 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis enhances understanding of perceptual decision-making processes.

Keywords:
confidencemetacognitionperceptual decision-makingreceiver operating characteristic (ROC)response timesignal detection theory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Science
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Traditional type-2 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis primarily uses confidence ratings to assess decision-making.
  • The predictive value of response time (RT) data in these analyses has been underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of response time (RT) data within type-2 ROC analysis.
  • To determine if RT can serve as a proxy for confidence and offer complementary information.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 16 perceptual decision-making datasets.
  • Comparison of information content and predictive power between RT and confidence data.
  • Type-2 sensitivity (meta-d') calculation using both RT and confidence.

Main Results:

  • RT data contains substantial information about response correctness, approximately two-thirds that of confidence.
  • RT provides unique predictive power for correctness, independent of confidence.
  • RT and confidence interact synergistically, enhancing predictive accuracy when RT is short.
  • Type-2 sensitivity derived from RT and confidence showed high inter-subject correlation.

Conclusions:

  • RT is a viable proxy for confidence in type-2 ROC analysis, expanding feasibility to diverse research settings.
  • Combined use of RT and confidence provides richer insights into decision-making processes.
  • RT-based type-2 analysis is a valuable tool for uncovering nuanced aspects of behavior.