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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

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Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
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Self-Administration of Drugs in Mouse Models of Feeding and Obesity
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Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia.

Ranganath D Rattehalli1, Sai Zhao2, Bao Guo Li3

  • 1General Psychiatry, Logan Hospital, Meadowbrook, Brisbane, Australia, QLD 4131.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|December 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Risperidone shows benefits in improving mental state for schizophrenia patients compared to placebo. However, this antipsychotic medication also increases the risk of extrapyramidal side effects, despite low-quality evidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Risperidone is a widely available generic new-generation antipsychotic.
  • Schizophrenia treatment often involves comparing antipsychotics to placebo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical effects, safety, and cost-effectiveness of risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing oral risperidone with placebo.
  • Searched major databases and trial registries, assessing risk of bias and extracting data using standardized methods.
  • Analyzed dichotomous and continuous data, calculating risk ratios and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Risperidone improved mental state significantly more than placebo (very low-quality evidence).
  • Patients on risperidone were less likely to discontinue treatment compared to placebo (low-quality evidence).
  • However, risperidone use was associated with a higher incidence of extrapyramidal side effects (very low-quality evidence).

Conclusions:

  • Risperidone offers benefits in improving mental state but carries a higher risk of adverse events.
  • The overall quality of evidence is low to very low, with many trials having industry funding.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to confirm these findings.