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Only severe malocclusion correlates with mastication deficiency.

Pierre Bourdiol1, Delphine Soulier-Peigue1, Pauline Lachaze1

  • 1Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Service d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France; UFR Odontologie, Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Archives of Oral Biology
|December 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe dentofacial deformities significantly impair mastication, while mild cases may allow functional adaptation. Objective masticatory evaluation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely orthodontic treatment.

Keywords:
Dentofacial deformityGlobal oral health assessment indexIndex of treatment needMalocclusionMasticatory deficiencyMasticatory normative indicator

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Area of Science:

  • Dental science
  • Orthodontics
  • Oral surgery

Background:

  • Dentofacial deformities can impact chewing function.
  • Assessing the severity of malocclusion is essential for determining treatment needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the degree of dentofacial deformity and the extent of masticatory deficiency.
  • To evaluate masticatory function using objective measures in different groups of young adults with varying degrees of malocclusion.

Main Methods:

  • Three groups of young adults were studied: severe dentofacial deformity (SevDFD), moderate dentofacial deformity (ModDFD), and no treatment (NoDFD).
  • Masticatory performance was assessed by analyzing bolus particle size (d50) at deglutition and comparing it to the Masticatory Normative Indicator (MNI).
  • Index of Treatment Need (IOTN) and Global Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) were also recorded, with statistical analysis using a general linear model and Student-Newman-Keuls test.

Main Results:

  • Subjects with severe dentofacial deformities (SevDFD) exhibited significantly impaired mastication (d50 mean=7.23mm).
  • Subjects with moderate dentofacial deformities (ModDFD) showed minimal masticatory impairment (d50 mean=2.54mm) and could adapt functionally.
  • IOTN scores indicated a need for treatment in both SevDFD and ModDFD groups, but only SevDFD subjects reported unsatisfactory oral health (GOHAI).

Conclusions:

  • Objective evaluation of masticatory function is vital to differentiate true deficiency from mild impairment that allows adaptation.
  • Early orthodontic intervention is recommended for malocclusions, as they tend to progress over time.