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Transition Metal-Involved Photon Upconversion.

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Summary

This review explores upconversion (UC) luminescence in lanthanide and transition metal ions. It highlights tuneable UC emissions and applications in bioimaging, solar cells, and multifunctional devices.

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lanthanide ionsmultifunctional materialstransition metal ionstunableupconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Luminescence Spectroscopy
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Lanthanide ion (Ln 3+ ) upconversion (UC) luminescence is well-studied, but transition metal (TM) ions offer tuneable single-band emissions.
  • TM ions' d-electron susceptibility to chemical environments enables wavelength-tuneable UC, useful for sensing and lighting.
  • Ln 3+ UC can be modulated by TM ions, leveraging their metastable energy levels and the TM ions' tuneable energy levels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in room temperature (RT) UC of TM ions.
  • To discuss UC of Ln 3+ modulated by TM or d 0 ions.
  • To explore UC involving d 0 ion-centered groups and their applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on UC luminescence.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving lanthanide and transition metal ions.
  • Investigation of d 0 ion-containing hosts and their influence on UC and electrical properties.

Main Results:

  • TM ions provide single, tuneable UC emission bands, contrasting with Ln 3+ 's multiple fixed emissions.
  • Modulation of Ln 3+ UC by TM ions and d 0 ions leads to enhanced functionalities.
  • d 0 ion-centered groups contribute to modulated UC and electrical properties like ferroelectricity.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances focus on RT UC of TM ions and modulated UC of Ln 3+ .
  • The interplay between Ln 3+ , TM ions, and d 0 ions offers novel multifunctional materials.
  • Potential applications span bioimaging, solar cells, and advanced multifunctional devices.