Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Reliability and mode of failure of bonded monolithic and multilayer ceramics
Rodrigo Alessandretti1, Marcia Borba1, Paula Benetti1
1Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, University of Passo Fundo, Brazil.
Objectives:
To evaluate the reliability of monolithic and multilayer ceramic structures used in the CAD-on technique (Ivoclar), and the mode of failure produced in ceramic structures bonded to a dentin analog material (NEMA-G10).
Methods:
Ceramic specimens were fabricated as follows (n=30): CAD-on- trilayer structure (IPS e.max ZirCAD/IPS e.max Crystall./Connect/IPS e.max CAD); YLD- bilayer structure (IPS e.max ZirCAD/IPS e.max Ceram); LDC- monolithic structure (IPS e.max CAD); and YZW- monolithic structure (Zenostar Zr Translucent). All ceramic specimens were bonded to G10 and subjected to compressive load in 37°C distilled water until the sound of the first crack, monitored acoustically. Failure load (Lf) values were recorded (N) and statistically analyzed using Weibull distribution, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=0.05).
Results:
Lf values of CAD-on and YZW structures were statistically similar (p=0.917), but higher than YLD and LDC (p<0.01). Weibull modulus (m) values were statistically similar for all experimental groups. Monolithic structures (LDC and YZW) failed from radial cracks. Failures in the CAD-on and YLD groups showed, predominantly, both radial and cone cracks.
Significance:
Monolithic zirconia (YZW) and CAD-on structures showed similar failure resistance and reliability, but a different fracture behavior.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Stress-Strain Diagram - Brittle Materials
Microcracking in Concrete
Soundness of Cement
Mortar Properties
Fatigue
Porosity in Cement Paste
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...

