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Related Concept Videos

Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Optical Detection of E. coli Bacteria by Mesoporous Silicon Biosensors
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Direct, label-free, selective, and sensitive microbial detection using a bacteriorhodopsin-based photoelectric

Hsiu-Mei Chen1, Kai-Ru Jheng1, An-Dih Yu1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|December 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel photoelectric immunosensor for direct, label-free microbial detection. The sensor, utilizing purple membranes, accurately detects Escherichia coli populations without preprocessing.

Keywords:
BacteriaBacteriorhodopsinDirect detectionLabel-freePhotoelectric immunosensorPurple membrane

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Area of Science:

  • Biophotonics
  • Biosensing
  • Microbial Detection

Background:

  • Photoactive bacteriorhodopsin in purple membranes (PM) offers potential for biosensing.
  • Direct and label-free microbial detection remains a significant challenge in diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a photoelectric immunosensor for direct, label-free detection of Escherichia coli.
  • To investigate the sensor's performance, selectivity, and detection limits.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind photocurrent reduction upon bacterial capture.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of anti-Escherichia coli antibodies onto a purple membrane-coated electrode via biotin-avidin/NeutrAvidin linkage.
  • Measurement of photocurrent changes upon incubation with bacterial cultures.
  • Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy for structural and binding confirmation.
  • Investigation of illumination effects and equivalent circuit modeling.

Main Results:

  • The immunosensor demonstrated direct, label-free detection of Escherichia coli K-12.
  • Photocurrent reduction correlated with bacterial population, from 1 to 10^7 CFU/10mL.
  • NeutrAvidin-based immobilization yielded superior selectivity against Gram-positive bacteria compared to avidin.
  • Light-shielding by captured bacteria was identified as the primary mechanism for photocurrent reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Bacteriorhodopsin-based photoelectric immunosensors provide a sensitive and selective platform for microbial detection.
  • The developed sensor enables rapid, single-step detection without sample preprocessing.
  • This technology is versatile and adaptable for detecting various biological cells.