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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.5K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
8.9K
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

9.2K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
9.2K
Joints01:26

Joints

36.2K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
36.2K
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

8.6K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
8.6K
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

8.1K
Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
8.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis
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Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus and Cartilage Scratch Murine Model of Accelerated Osteoarthritis

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Structure-function relationships of human meniscus.

Elvis K Danso1, Joonas M T Oinas2, Simo Saarakkala3

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, POB 100, FI-70029 Kuopio, Finland.

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
|December 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human meniscus

Keywords:
BiomechanicsCollagenDigital densitometryFourier transform infrared imagingMeniscusPolarized light microscopyProteoglycan

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedic Research
  • Tissue Mechanics

Background:

  • Human meniscus biomechanical properties vary by location.
  • The specific contributions of meniscus constituents to these properties at different depths and sites remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the site- and depth-dependent composition and structure of the human meniscus.
  • To correlate these structural features with site-specific biomechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Indentation testing (stress-relaxation, sinusoidal) analyzed with fibril-reinforced poroelastic finite element modeling.
  • Microscopic and spectroscopic methods to quantify proteoglycan (PG) and collagen content, and collagen orientation angle.
  • Analysis across anterior, middle, and posterior sites of medial and lateral menisci (n=26).

Main Results:

  • Proteoglycan content and collagen orientation angle increased with depth.
  • Collagen content showed an initial increase then decrease with depth.
  • Anterior medial meniscus exhibited highest elastic and strain-dependent biomechanical parameters, linked to higher deep PG content, overall collagen content, and superficial collagen orientation.

Conclusions:

  • Meniscus nonlinear biomechanical properties are influenced by PG content-driven osmotic swelling, collagen network, and fluid dynamics.
  • Higher collagen content and superficial collagen orientation further amplify these nonlinear properties.
  • Structure-function relationships in the meniscus are highly site-specific.