[Function, aging and dysfunction of blood-brain barrier. Crossing the barrier]

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Physiology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface regulating brain homeostasis and neuronal function.
• Its integrity relies on coordinated cellular and molecular systems.
• Disruption of the BBB allows harmful molecules into the brain, contributing to various disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the structure, function, and breakdown mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier.
• To discuss the impact of aging on BBB integrity.
• To explore possibilities for crossing the blood-brain barrier.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of blood-brain barrier research.
• Analysis of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BBB function and dysfunction.
• Discussion of aging-related BBB changes and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Aging is a primary risk factor for BBB damage, involving DNA mutation, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
• Morphological changes and impaired membrane transporters contribute to BBB dysfunction during aging.
• BBB breakdown can lead to neurodegenerative disorders due to the influx of unwanted molecules.

Conclusions:

• The blood-brain barrier's complex system is vulnerable to insults, particularly aging.
• Understanding BBB dysfunction is key to addressing neurodegenerative diseases.
• Further research into BBB permeability is essential for developing targeted therapies.