Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026
12:08
Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
Published on: June 11, 2012
19.5K
Investigating Hypoglycemic Confidence in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
William H Polonsky1, Lawrence Fisher2, Danielle Hessler2
11 Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, and Behavioral Diabetes Institute, San Diego, California.
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|December 21, 2016
Summary
Hypoglycemic confidence, a new measure distinct from fear, was developed for diabetes patients. The Hypoglycemic Confidence Scale (HCS) shows reliability and validity in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Psychology
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Concerns about hypoglycemia in diabetes patients often focus on fear and anxiety.
- Emerging evidence highlights hypoglycemic confidence as a distinct and important psychological dimension.
- Understanding this dimension is crucial for comprehensive diabetes care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate the Hypoglycemic Confidence Scale (HCS).
- To assess the association between patient factors and hypoglycemic confidence.
- To differentiate hypoglycemic confidence from hypoglycemic fear.
Main Methods:
- Item generation through interviews with adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin-using type 2 diabetes (T2D), and healthcare professionals.
- Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) on HCS items across T1D, T2D-basal-prandial (T2D-BP), and T2D-basal-only (T2D-BO) groups.
- Construct validity assessed using measures of well-being, diabetes distress, anxiety, hypoglycemic fear, and glycemic control (A1C).
Main Results:
- EFAs supported a single-factor solution for the HCS across all three study groups.
- The HCS demonstrated construct validity through significant correlations with criterion variables.
- HCS scores were independently associated with well-being, diabetes distress, and A1C in specific patient groups.
Conclusions:
- Hypoglycemic confidence represents a unique aspect of the patient experience in diabetes, separate from fear.
- The HCS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring hypoglycemic confidence in adults with T1D and insulin-using T2D.
- Further research into hypoglycemic confidence is warranted.
More Related Videos
07:35Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
Published on: January 26, 2024
2.3K
06:21Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid
Published on: April 7, 2023
2.2K
Related Concept Videos
01:15Hypoglycemia and Glucagon
1.1K
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
1.1K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.3K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.3K
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
2.6K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.6K
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
5.7K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.7K
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
14.7K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
14.7K
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
1.2K
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
1.2K