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Guide of Hypertensive Crisis Pharmacotherapy

Priyanka Wani-Parekh1, Carlos Blanco-Garcia1, Melissa Mendez2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center at El Paso, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, 4800 Alberta Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79905, United States.

Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Drug Targets
|December 22, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Hypertensive crisis, a severe complication of uncontrolled high blood pressure, requires prompt treatment. This review details management strategies and medications for hypertensive emergencies and urgencies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading global cause of death, accounting for 17.3 million deaths annually.
  • Hypertension is the primary risk factor for CVD, affecting 80 million people in the U.S., with only 54% optimally controlled.
  • Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to severe complications like heart failure and stroke, including hypertensive crisis (urgency or emergency).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the management approach for hypertensive crisis.
  • To discuss various drug classes used in treating hypertensive crisis, including their physiology and complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current guidelines and pharmacological data.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies for hypertensive urgency and emergency.

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive crisis is categorized into urgency and emergency based on end-organ damage.
  • Parenteral antihypertensive medications are the mainstay of treatment.
  • Key drug classes include nitrates, calcium channel blockers, dopamine-1 agonists, and adrenergic-blocking agents.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of hypertensive crisis involves understanding the distinction between urgency and emergency.
  • Knowledge of drug classes, their mechanisms, and potential complications is crucial for optimal patient outcomes.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing hypertensive emergencies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Hypertensive emergencyantihypertensive medicationscardiovascular diseaseeclampsiapregnancy

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