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Additively Manufactured and Surface Biofunctionalized Porous Nitinol.

Z Gorgin Karaji1, M Speirs2, S Dadbakhsh2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology , 63766-67178 Kermanshah, Iran.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|December 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study developed advanced porous nitinol implants using additive manufacturing for enhanced bone regeneration. The superelastic material features a bone-like structure and a biofunctionalized surface that controls growth factor release, improving cell growth and implant integration.

Keywords:
additive manufacturingbiomimetic topologycontrolled releaseosteogenic coatingsshape memory alloys

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Optimizing orthopedic biomaterials for bone regeneration and osseointegration is crucial.
  • Additive manufacturing offers precise control over material architecture and properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create multifunctional porous nitinol with superelasticity, tailored microarchitecture, and biofunctionalized surfaces for enhanced bone tissue regeneration.
  • To investigate the controlled release of biomolecules and their effect on cellular behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized selective laser melting (additive manufacturing) to fabricate porous nitinol structures based on triply periodic minimal surfaces.
  • Biofunctionalized the nitinol surface with polydopamine-immobilized rhBMP2 to control release kinetics.
  • Characterized material properties using microcomputed tomography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
  • Evaluated in vitro cellular response including attachment, proliferation, morphology, ALP activity, and calcium content.

Main Results:

  • Achieved porous nitinol with microarchitectural properties closely matching design specifications.
  • Confirmed the presence of polydopamine and rhBMP2 on the surface.
  • Demonstrated adjustable, sustained release of rhBMP2 over 28 days.
  • Observed significantly improved cell attachment, proliferation, morphology, ALP activity, and calcium content on biofunctionalized surfaces compared to as-manufactured samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed multifunctional porous nitinol exhibits superelasticity and a bone-mimicking architecture.
  • The biofunctionalized surface enables controlled release of rhBMP2, promoting enhanced cellular response and bone regeneration.
  • This material holds promise for advanced orthopedic implants designed for superior bone tissue regeneration and osseointegration.