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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.3K

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Predicted percentage dissatisfied with ankle draft.

S Liu1, S Schiavon1, A Kabanshi2

  • 1Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.

Indoor Air
|December 23, 2016
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Summary

A new model predicts ankle draft discomfort, crucial for underfloor air distribution systems. This research accounts for air speed and temperature to improve thermal comfort assessments for occupants.

Keywords:
displacement ventilationdraft risk modellocal thermal discomfortthermal comfortthermal stratificationunderfloor air distribution

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Area of Science:

  • Building Science
  • Environmental Engineering
  • Human Thermal Comfort

Background:

  • Existing draft risk models focus on neck overcooling, neglecting ankle discomfort relevant to stratified air distribution.
  • Underfloor air distribution (UFAD) and displacement ventilation (DV) systems create localized air movement patterns at ankle level.
  • A predictive model for ankle draft is needed to ensure occupant thermal comfort in modern buildings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a model for predicting percentage dissatisfied with ankle draft (PPD_AD).
  • To investigate the influence of air speed, temperature, turbulence intensity, sex, and clothing on ankle draft perception.
  • To provide a tool for evaluating thermal comfort in spaces utilizing stratified air distribution.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory experiments involving 110 college students.
  • Systematic variation of air speed (0.1-0.6 m/s) and temperature (16.5-22.5°C) at ankle level.
  • Assessment of perceived dissatisfaction with ankle air movement under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • Whole-body thermal sensation and air speed at the ankles were the primary factors influencing ankle draft.
  • Subjects tolerated a vertical temperature difference of up to 8°C between ankles and head at neutral thermal sensation.
  • This tolerance is 5°C greater than current standards recommend.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PPD_AD model accurately predicts occupant dissatisfaction with ankle draft.
  • The findings support greater vertical temperature differences in stratified air distribution systems.
  • The model can be integrated into thermal comfort standards and air diffuser testing protocols.