Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 9, 2026
05:51
Isotopic Effect in Double Proton Transfer Process of Porphycene Investigated by Enhanced QM/MM Method
Published on: July 19, 2019
6.7K
Annulated Isomeric, Expanded, and Contracted Porphyrins
Tridib Sarma1, Pradeepta K Panda2
1Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712-1224, United States.
Chemical Reviews
|December 23, 2016
Summary
Annulated porphyrin analogues, including isomeric, expanded, and contracted versions, are emerging fields. These compounds offer unique properties distinct from traditional porphyrins, driving recent research advancements.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Supramolecular Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Porphyrins are well-studied macrocyclic compounds with diverse applications.
- Isomeric, expanded, and contracted porphyrin analogues remain less explored.
- Peripherally annulated porphyrin derivatives are particularly underrepresented in the literature.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in the chemistry of annulated isomeric, expanded, and contracted porphyrins.
- To highlight the unique properties of these novel porphyrin analogues.
- To underscore the growing research interest and publication trends in this area.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent publications (past few years).
- Analysis of synthetic strategies for annulated porphyrin analogues.
- Compilation of reported unique properties and potential applications.
Main Results:
- Significant recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of annulated porphyrin analogues.
- Demonstration of unique photophysical, electronic, and structural properties not observed in non-annulated porphyrins.
- Emergence of novel applications stemming from these distinct characteristics.
Conclusions:
- Annulated porphyrin chemistry is a rapidly developing field with substantial potential.
- These analogues offer a new platform for designing functional molecules with tailored properties.
- Further research is warranted to fully exploit the capabilities of these unique macrocycles.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:34Structural Isomerism
22.3K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
22.3K
01:18Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview
4.1K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
Due to the absence of continuous...
4.1K
01:11ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –NH2, –OCH3
7.8K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
7.8K
01:18Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview
4.1K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
4.1K
02:52Stereoisomerism
14.3K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
14.3K
01:13Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview
5.9K
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
5.9K