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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

218.1K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.4K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
5.2K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.3K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.3K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.6K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.3K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Intravitreous Methotrexate and Rituximab for Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes

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UNILATERAL DIFFUSE UVEAL MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATION.

Richard F Spaide1

  • 1Vitreous, Retina, Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York.

Retinal Cases & Brief Reports
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare unilateral presentation of diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation was observed in a patient with metastatic cancer. This case suggests additional factors beyond paraneoplastic processes may influence this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) is typically linked to paraneoplastic syndromes.
  • Understanding the etiology of uveal melanocytic proliferation is crucial for patient management.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old woman presented with unilateral decreased visual acuity in her left eye.
  • Multimodal imaging revealed characteristic pigmentary changes, placoid spots, and choroidal thickening in the affected eye.
  • A systemic evaluation uncovered widely metastatic disease of unknown primary origin.

Findings:

  • The patient's unilateral ocular findings were consistent with diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation.
  • Despite a history of treated breast cancer, the metastatic disease was of unknown primary.
  • The condition remained stable in the left eye over six months, with no abnormalities in the right eye.

Implications:

  • This unilateral case challenges the assumption that BDUMP is exclusively a paraneoplastic phenomenon mediated by serum factors.
  • It highlights the need to consider other contributing factors in the manifestation of uveal melanocytic proliferation.
  • The findings underscore the importance of thorough systemic evaluation in cases of atypical ocular presentations.