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Regenerated Sciatic Nerve Axons Stimulated through a Chronically Implanted Macro-Sieve Electrode.

Matthew R MacEwan1, Erik R Zellmer1, Jesse J Wheeler1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University St. Louis, MO, USA.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|December 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Macro-sieve electrodes (MSE) facilitate nerve regeneration, comparable to open conduits. These electrodes may reduce the need for glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in peripheral nerve stimulation applications.

Keywords:
functional electrical stimulationnerve regenerationperipheral nerveperipheral nerve interfacesieve electrode

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Sieve electrodes offer chronic interfaces for peripheral nerve stimulation.
  • Successful nerve stimulation relies on robust axonal regeneration through implanted electrodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of large transit zones in sieve electrodes on axonal regeneration.
  • To assess the neural interface quality with implanted sieve electrodes.
  • To determine the efficacy of glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in conjunction with sieve electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Polyimide sieve electrodes with large transit zones and platinum-iridium electrode sites were fabricated using sacrificial photolithography.
  • Macro-sieve electrode (MSE) assemblies or nerve guidance conduits were implanted into transected rat sciatic nerves.
  • Nerve regeneration and functional recovery were assessed 3 months post-implantation via fiber counts and muscle force measurements.

Main Results:

  • Axonal regeneration through MSE transit zones was comparable to open silicone conduits.
  • Muscle forces evoked by stimulation of regenerated nerves were similar for both MSE and open conduit groups.
  • Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) showed minimal positive effects on fiber quality and morphology within the MSE.

Conclusions:

  • MSEs support nerve regeneration effectively, potentially reducing reliance on GDNF.
  • The MSE demonstrates potential as a platform for functional neuromuscular stimulation with selective muscle activation capabilities.