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Related Concept Videos

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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Inducing a Site Specific Replication Blockage in E. coli Using a Fluorescent Repressor Operator System
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Replication fork regression and its regulation.

Xiangzhou Meng, Xiaolan Zhao

    FEMS Yeast Research
    |December 25, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    DNA replication fork stalling poses a challenge during genome duplication. This review highlights how replication fork regression, involving DNA repair and replication resumption, is crucial for genome maintenance.

    Keywords:
    DNA motor proteinsSmc5/6checkpoint kinasesreplication fork regression

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • DNA replication forks can stall due to template blockages, potentially leading to incomplete genome duplication.
    • Replication fork regression is a key mechanism to rescue stalled forks, involving DNA strand annealing and formation of four-way DNA junctions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent advances in understanding replication fork regression.
    • To identify enzymes involved in catalyzing and regulating fork regression.
    • To explore the influence of fork regression on DNA replication and genome maintenance.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent studies utilizing combinational approaches.
    • Focus on findings in yeast with comparisons to higher eukaryotes.

    Main Results:

    • Recent studies have begun identifying enzymes that catalyze replication fork regression.
    • Understanding of the regulation of these enzymes and their specific roles in replication is emerging.
    • Fork regression can lead to both beneficial DNA repair and detrimental DNA cleavage.

    Conclusions:

    • Replication fork regression is a complex process with significant implications for genome stability.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and outcomes of fork remodeling.
    • Findings in yeast provide a basis for understanding these processes in higher eukaryotes.