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Related Concept Videos

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Related Experiment Video

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Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs
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Isolation and Transplantation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells HSCs

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Spousal hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Kazuhiro Ikegame1, Katsuji Kaida2, Satoshi Yoshihara2,3

  • 1Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan. kame@hyo-med.ac.jp.

International Journal of Hematology
|December 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Spousal stem cell transplantation (SCT) using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen can be a viable option for patients with post-transplant relapse or rejection. While achieving remission, patients relapsed, highlighting the need for further research in this area.

Keywords:
Graft-versus-host diseasePost-transplant relapseReduced intensity conditioningSpousal transplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a critical treatment for hematologic malignancies and graft failure.
  • Spousal SCT offers a potential donor source when other options are limited.
  • Previous SCT attempts may involve post-transplant relapse or graft rejection.

Observation:

  • Five patients received spousal SCT for post-transplant relapse or rejection.
  • A reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen with fludarabine, melphalan, and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) was used.
  • Complete spousal chimerism was achieved in all patients with rapid granulocyte engraftment.

Findings:

  • Three patients had no acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), while two developed severe (grade III-IV) GVHD.
  • All four evaluable patients achieved complete remission, demonstrating an anti-leukemic effect.
  • However, all patients relapsed between 106 and 334 days post-transplant and ultimately died.

Implications:

  • Spousal SCT with RIC is feasible for repetitive transplantation, even with HLA disparities (≤3 mismatches).
  • The regimen, including low-dose ATG and steroid-based GVHD prophylaxis, shows potential.
  • The short duration of remission and subsequent relapse underscore the challenges and need for improved strategies in managing post-transplant complications.