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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

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Differences in the integrase and reverse transcriptase transmitted resistance patterns in Northern Poland.

Miłosz Parczewski1, Magdalena Leszczyszyn-Pynka1, Anna Urbańska1

  • 1Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|December 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

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Transmitted drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV patients in Poland was 12.21%, primarily linked to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations in subtype D. While major integrase resistance was absent, variants potentially impacting integrase inhibitor susceptibility were common.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Widespread use of integrase (In) inhibitors for HIV treatment necessitates monitoring transmitted drug resistance.
  • Understanding recent patterns of In resistance and associated mutations in treatment-naive individuals is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze recent patterns of integrase resistance in treatment-naive individuals in Northern Poland.
  • To investigate the association between transmitted integrase resistance and protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 172 PR, RT, and InI sequences from treatment-naive HIV-1 infected patients in Northern Poland (2010-2015).
  • Interpretation of drug resistance based on WHO and IAS-USA mutation lists.
  • Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods.
Keywords:
Integrase mutationsNon-B subtypesTransmission clustersTransmitted drug resistance

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Published on: April 9, 2014

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Screening Foodstuffs for Class 1 Integrons and Gene Cassettes
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Screening Foodstuffs for Class 1 Integrons and Gene Cassettes

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An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
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Main Results:

  • Overall transmitted drug resistance rate was 12.21%, with NRTI resistance in 11.05% and NNRTI resistance in 1.16%.
  • Transmitted resistance was strongly associated with subtype D infections (66.67%) compared to subtype B (3.84%).
  • No major protease or integrase mutations were transmitted; however, integrase inhibitor-associated polymorphisms (e.g., E157Q) were found in 21.5% of sequences, linked to female sex, injection drug use, and HCV coinfection.

Conclusions:

  • Transmitted drug resistance frequency varied by subtype, with high rates in subtype D (NRTI mutations) and low rates in subtype B.
  • While major integrase resistance was not observed in treatment-naive patients, common variants suggest a potential future need for expanded surveillance of integrase inhibitor susceptibility.