Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

2.2K
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
2.2K
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

704
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
704
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

129.3K
Overview
129.3K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.2K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.2K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

40.5K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
40.5K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.2K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How do successive vaccinations and SARS-CoV-2 infections impact humoral immunity dynamics: An 18-month longitudinal study.

The Journal of infection·2023
Same author

RNA sequencing of avian paramyxovirus (Paramyxoviridae, Avulavirinae) isolates from wild mallards in Belgium, 2021: complete genomes and coinfections.

Virus genes·2023
Same author

[Inflammation during COVID-19].

Revue medicale de Liege·2022
Same author

In vivo adherence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum to mucosal external surfaces of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry.

Journal of fish diseases·2017
Same author

Cryopreservation of chicken primordial germ cells by vitrification and slow freezing: A comparative study.

Theriogenology·2016
Same author

One Decade of Active Avian Influenza Wild Bird Surveillance in Belgium Showed a Higher Viroprevalence in Hunter-Harvested Than in Live-Ringed Birds.

Avian diseases·2016
Same journal

Barcoding gene (cox1 mtDNA) meta-analysis: A continental perspective for Tylodelphys species (Digenea: Diplostomidae).

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Heterogeneity of plasmids containing OXA-48-like and NDM-5 carbapenemases and emergence of OXA-181 and NDM-5 co-carrying strains and plasmids in Escherichia coli from veterinary settings.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Projected late-century climate change alters reproductive gene expression pathways in the arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Diseases of the past were not our diseases: Rethinking retrospective diagnosis in medicine.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Genomic insights into Listeria monocytogenes isolates associated with neurological forms.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis of a network-inspired multihost fascioliasis model.

Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example
05:45

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Published on: March 11, 2020

9.4K

Usutu virus, Belgium, 2016.

M Garigliany1, A Linden2, G Gilliau1

  • 1FARAH Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B43, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|December 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Usutu virus (USUV) caused a wild bird die-off in Northwest Europe in 2016. Investigations confirmed the virus, leading to potential population declines in susceptible avian species.

Keywords:
BlackbirdEmergenceFlaviviridaeUsutu

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Digital Droplet PCR Method for Accurate Adeno-Associated Viral Genome Quantification
04:43

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Digital Droplet PCR Method for Accurate Adeno-Associated Viral Genome Quantification

Published on: October 11, 2024

2.6K
Production, Purification, and Quality Control for Adeno-associated Virus-based Vectors
09:21

Production, Purification, and Quality Control for Adeno-associated Virus-based Vectors

Published on: January 29, 2019

38.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example
05:45

Validating Whole Genome Nanopore Sequencing, using Usutu Virus as an Example

Published on: March 11, 2020

9.4K
Author Spotlight: Optimizing Digital Droplet PCR Method for Accurate Adeno-Associated Viral Genome Quantification
04:43

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Digital Droplet PCR Method for Accurate Adeno-Associated Viral Genome Quantification

Published on: October 11, 2024

2.6K
Production, Purification, and Quality Control for Adeno-associated Virus-based Vectors
09:21

Production, Purification, and Quality Control for Adeno-associated Virus-based Vectors

Published on: January 29, 2019

38.1K

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Avian Pathology
  • Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

  • Usutu virus (USUV) outbreaks in wild birds have been reported across Europe since 1996.
  • Previous USUV outbreaks in Germany (2011) and Austria (2001) caused significant avian population reductions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cause of a wild bird mortality event in Northwest Europe in 2016.
  • To characterize the Usutu virus strain involved in the outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • Necropsy and pathological examination of dead birds.
  • Immunohistological analysis to detect Usutu virus infection.
  • Viral genome sequencing to identify the specific strain and its phylogenetic relationship.

Main Results:

  • Pathological and immunohistological findings strongly indicated Usutu virus infection.
  • Genomic segments of Usutu virus were detected, isolated, and sequenced.
  • The identified strain, Usutu-LIEGE, is phylogenetically related to the Europe_3 lineage.

Conclusions:

  • The 2016 wild bird deaths in Northwest Europe were caused by Usutu virus.
  • The Usutu-LIEGE strain belongs to the Europe_3 lineage, previously associated with significant avian population declines.
  • Future population dynamics of susceptible avian species in the affected region may be significantly impacted.