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Mitochondria

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Isolation and Enrichment of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells for Enhanced Osteogenesis

Published on: January 12, 2015

Mitochondrial Functional Changes Characterization in Young and Senescent Human Adipose Derived MSCs.

Bernd R Stab¹, Laura Martinez¹, Adriana Grismaldo¹

¹Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogotá, Colombia.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience

|December 27, 2016

Summary

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells undergoing senescence show altered mitochondrial dynamics. These cells exhibit increased mitochondrial fusion and metabolic changes, suggesting a link between mitochondrial structure and cellular aging.

Keywords:

adipose derived mesenchymal stromal cells fission and fusion mitochondria reactive oxygen species senescence

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Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Mitochondrial Dynamics
Stem Cell Biology

Background:

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles crucial for cellular energy, undergoing fission and fusion.
Mitochondrial dynamics are linked to cell cycle, autophagy, and age-related diseases.
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential but face challenges with replicative senescence during in vitro expansion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate mitochondrial structural remodeling in adipose tissue-derived MSCs during in vitro expansion.
To determine if phenotypic changes in mitochondria are associated with MSC senescence.
To compare mitochondrial dynamics and oxidative state between young and senescent MSCs.

Main Methods:

Cultured adipose tissue-derived MSCs at different passages (young vs. old).
Assessed cell morphology and senescence markers (β-galactosidase activity).
Analyzed mitochondrial mass, superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and expression of fusion proteins (MFN1, OPA1).

Main Results:

Increased cell passage led to morphological changes and elevated β-galactosidase activity, indicating senescence.
Senescent MSCs (passage 7) displayed increased mitochondrial mass, superoxide production, and decreased membrane potential.
Morphological changes correlated with increased levels of mitochondrial fusion proteins (MFN1, OPA1).

Conclusions:

Adipose tissue-derived MSCs at passage 7 exhibit a senescent phenotype.
Senescence in these cells is characterized by metabolic alterations and increased mitochondrial fusion.
Mitochondrial structural remodeling, specifically fusion, is associated with MSC senescence.