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Muscles for Facial Expressions

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The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

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Quantitative Assessment Protocol for Facial Soft Tissue Volumetric Changes with Stereophotogrammetry

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Three-dimensional Facial Anatomy: Structure and Function as It Relates to Injectable Neuromodulators and Soft Tissue

Jacob I Beer¹, David A Sieber¹, Jack F Scheuer¹

¹Division of Facial Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.; Marin Plastic Surgery, Mill Valley, Calif.; and Manhatten Ear, Eye, and Throat Hospital, New York, N.Y.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open

|December 27, 2016

Summary

Understanding facial anatomy is crucial for cosmetic physicians using neuromodulators and soft-tissue fillers. This knowledge ensures safe and effective non-surgical facial rejuvenation, optimizing patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Aesthetic Medicine
Facial Anatomy
Non-surgical Cosmetic Procedures

Background:

The field of cosmetic medicine is rapidly evolving with new injectable treatments.
Neuromodulators and soft-tissue fillers offer expanded non-surgical options for physicians.

Purpose of the Study:

To review essential facial anatomy relevant to cosmetic procedures.
To highlight anatomical landmarks for safe and effective neuromodulator and filler injections.

Main Methods:

Review of anatomical structures pertinent to facial aging.
Identification of key landmarks for neuromodulator and soft-tissue filler placement.

Main Results:

Facial aging involves structural changes impacting injectable treatment outcomes.
Specific anatomical landmarks guide precise placement of neuromodulators and fillers.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive knowledge of facial anatomy is essential for cosmetic physicians.
Anatomical understanding enables reproducible and safe injection techniques.
Optimizing patient safety and aesthetic results relies on anatomical expertise.