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Bone Mineral Density in Celiac Disease.

Ganesh Choudhary1, Raj Kumar Gupta2, Jaiveer Beniwal3

  • 1S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|December 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Children with celiac disease (CD) have reduced bone mineral density (BMD). A strict gluten-free diet significantly improves BMD, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to prevent osteoporosis in pediatric CD patients.

Keywords:
BMCBMDBMD Z-scoreCeliac diseaseDual X-ray absorptiometryGluten free diet

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Bone Metabolism

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion.
  • CD can lead to malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies, impacting bone health.
  • Children with CD are at risk for reduced bone mineral density (BMD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare BMD and serum biochemical indices in newly diagnosed CD patients versus those on a gluten-free diet (GFD) for at least one year.
  • To assess the impact of a GFD on bone health in pediatric CD patients.
  • To identify factors influencing BMD in children with CD.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving 72 children with CD (36 untreated, 36 on GFD for ≥1 year).
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  • Serum biochemical markers related to bone health were measured.

Main Results:

  • Newly diagnosed CD patients exhibited significantly lower BMD Z-scores compared to those on a GFD (-2.02 vs. -0.65).
  • Patients on a GFD showed higher BMD Z-scores, indicating improved bone mineralization.
  • Lower serum calcium levels were observed in newly diagnosed CD patients compared to those on a GFD.

Conclusions:

  • Children with celiac disease are susceptible to diminished bone mineral density.
  • Adherence to a strict gluten-free diet is crucial for improving bone mineralization in CD patients.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention in childhood celiac disease can mitigate the risk of osteoporosis.