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Related Concept Videos

Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Autophagy01:27

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Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
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The NOTCH1-autophagy interaction: Regulating self-eating for survival.

Apurva Sarin1, Nimi Marcel1

  • 1a Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine , Bengaluru , Karnataka , India.

Autophagy
|December 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Natural T-regulatory cells (Tregs) survival depends on NOTCH1 signaling activating autophagy. This crucial link, vital for immune cell function, was confirmed in physiological conditions and impacts mitochondrial health.

Keywords:
NOTCH1T-regulatory cellsautophagymitochondrialsurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • T-cell subsets require diverse survival mechanisms for dynamic immune niches.
  • Natural T-regulatory cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the survival mechanisms of Tregs.
  • To elucidate the role of NOTCH1 signaling and autophagy in Treg survival.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies under nutrient-limited conditions.
  • In vivo confirmation in the context of immune physiology.
  • Molecular analysis of NOTCH1 and autophagy pathways.

Main Results:

  • NOTCH1 signaling directly activates macroautophagy/autophagy in Tregs.
  • Disruption of NOTCH1 or autophagy pathways impairs Treg survival.
  • NOTCH1 interacts with autophagy intermediates, targeting mitochondria for remodeling and function.

Conclusions:

  • A critical link exists between NOTCH1 signaling and autophagy for Treg survival.
  • This pathway is essential for Treg function in immune physiology.
  • The identified NOTCH1-autophagy axis may be conserved in other biological contexts.