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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

Quantifying knee mechanics during balance training exercises.

Lauren C Benson¹, Thomas G Almonroeder¹, Kristian M O'Connor¹

¹University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave. Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Human Movement Science

|December 28, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Balance exercises impact knee mechanics. Specific anterior-posterior movements reduce knee abduction moments and improve vastus medialis oblique (VMO) to vastus lateralis (VL) muscle balance, potentially aiding patellofemoral pain prevention.

Keywords:

Balance Knee abduction moment Rehabilitation Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis oblique

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Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

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Published on: May 1, 2018

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Published on: January 17, 2013

Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis of Healthy Participants

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Published on: April 15, 2020

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Sports Medicine
Rehabilitation Science

Background:

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is prevalent in runners and post-ACL reconstruction patients.
Balance training is common in injury prevention/rehabilitation but may increase knee injuries.
Understanding balance exercise effects on knee mechanics is crucial for program design.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify knee abduction moment during balance exercises.
To measure vasti muscle (VMO and VL) activity during balance tasks.
To assess the relationship between muscle activation and knee joint loading.

Main Methods:

Recorded muscle activity (VMO, VL), 3D kinematics, and ground reaction forces in healthy athletes.
Analyzed peak knee abduction moment, VMO:VL activity ratio, and VMO onset delay.
Utilized mixed-model ANOVA to determine effects of sex and exercise type.

Main Results:

Exercise type significantly influenced knee abduction moment and VMO:VL ratio (p<0.05).
Anterior-posterior motion tasks showed the lowest peak knee abduction moment.
These tasks also demonstrated a higher VMO:VL activity ratio.
VMO onset delay relative to VL was consistent across balance board exercises.

Conclusions:

Balance exercises significantly alter knee abduction moments and vasti muscle activation patterns.
Anterior-posterior balance exercises may be beneficial for reducing patellofemoral stress.
Optimizing balance training may help mitigate PFP risk and improve rehabilitation outcomes.