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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
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Pharynx01:20

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The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

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Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

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Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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A Formant Range Profile for Singers.

Ingo R Titze1, Lynn M Maxfield2, Megan C Walker2

  • 1National Center for Voice and Speech, Salt Lake City, Utah; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.

Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation
|December 29, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Singers can adjust their vocal tract shape to maintain vocal timbre across different pitches. This study quantified vowel space area to measure singers' ability to modify vocal tract acoustics for spectral differences.

Keywords:
BeltingFormant rangeFormantsSingingSinging vowels

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Area of Science:

  • Vocal acoustics
  • Singing science
  • Speech production

Background:

  • Vocal timbre is crucial for differentiating singing styles.
  • Timbre depends on the glottal sound source and vowel selection.
  • Vowel space modification ability indicates a singer's control over timbre across pitches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify singers' ability to modify vocal tract shapes for spectral differences.
  • To introduce formant range profiles as a measure of vocal tract modification.
  • To assess the relationship between vocal tract shape and vowel acoustics.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-seven trained and untrained vocalists participated.
  • Participants produced four cardinal vowels (/i, æ, a, u/) with three distinct mouth shapes (neutral, megaphone, inverted-megaphone).
  • First (F1) and second (F2) formant frequencies were measured using fry phonation and plotted in F1-F2 space.

Main Results:

  • Formant range profiles were generated to quantify vowel space area in kHz².
  • The study measured the area of the vowel quadrangle for each subject and condition.
  • Differences in vowel space area were analyzed based on vocal training and mouth shape.

Conclusions:

  • Vowel space area quantifies a singer's ability to modify vocal tract acoustics.
  • This measure can assess vocal tract modification for spectral control.
  • Understanding these modifications aids in vocal training and style differentiation.