Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

80.2K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
80.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

5.5K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
5.5K
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

69.5K
Overview
69.5K
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

9.8K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
9.8K
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

134.2K
Overview
When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.
Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic Compounds
Ionic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions...
134.2K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

3.5K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
3.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Silanes to Silatranes: Robust Functionalization for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy.

Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology·2026
Same author

Diffusive and Enzymatic Modulation of the Dynamic Size Distribution of DNA Droplets.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Diverse, distinct, and densely packed DNA nanostar droplets.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy to Probe Intermediates and Energetics of Membrane Protein Folding.

Chemical reviews·2026
Same author

Fibrinolysis for Apical Thrombus as a Bridge to Emergent Valve-in-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

JACC. Case reports·2025
Same author

Condensation and activator/repressor control of a transcription-regulated biomolecular liquid.

Soft matter·2025
Same journal

Correction to 'scSuperAnnotator: A platform for benchmarking comparison and visualizing automated cellular annotation methods for scRNA-seq data'.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same journal

Correction to 'Differentiable partition function calculation for RNA'.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same journal

Deployment of non-canonical splicing in tunicate genomes is mediated by divergent U2AF function and changing m6A modification in U1 and U6 snRNA.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same journal

Bacillus subtilis DnaB forms multiple protein-protein interactions essential for DNA replication initiation.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same journal

Multiple forms of protein-protein and DNA binding are exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same journal

Biosynthesis of glycosylated 5-hydroxycytosine in the DNA of diverse viruses.

Nucleic acids research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

25.2K

Counting the ions surrounding nucleic acids.

David R Jacobson1, Omar A Saleh2

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|December 31, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acids

More Related Videos

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

6.7K
Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA
12:35

Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA

Published on: November 14, 2017

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids
10:32

On-chip Isotachophoresis for Separation of Ions and Purification of Nucleic Acids

Published on: March 2, 2012

25.2K
Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
10:27

Dual DNA Rulers to Study the Mechanism of Ribosome Translocation with Single-Nucleotide Resolution

Published on: July 8, 2019

6.7K
Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA
12:35

Simultaneous Mapping and Quantitation of Ribonucleotides in Human Mitochondrial DNA

Published on: November 14, 2017

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and biophysics, focusing on the behavior of nucleic acids in solution.

Background:

  • Nucleic acids possess a strong negative charge, making electrostatic interactions crucial for their folding and biomolecular functions.
  • Ions in solution form an 'ion atmosphere' around nucleic acids, altering local ion concentrations.
  • Quantifying this ion atmosphere is key to understanding nucleic acid behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current ion counting measurement techniques for nucleic acids.
  • To critically analyze how these measurements test theoretical and simulation models of ion atmospheres.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ion counting experiments, focusing on the preferential ion interaction coefficient.
  • Analysis of how experimental data constrains analytical and simulation-based models.

Main Results:

  • Ion counting experiments provide essential data for validating models of nucleic acid ion atmospheres.
  • There is a need for critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of current measurement techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Ion counting measurements are vital for advancing our understanding of nucleic acid electrostatics.
  • Further integration of experimental data with theoretical models is necessary for accurate predictions of nucleic acid behavior.