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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

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Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
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Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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A systems approach to obesity.

Bruce Y Lee1, Sarah M Bartsch2, Yeeli Mui2

  • 1B.Y. Lee, S.M. Bartsch, L.A. Haidari, Y. Mui, M.L. Spiker, and J. Gittelsohn are with the Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. L.A. Haidari and Y. Mui are with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. brucelee@jhu.edu.

Nutrition Reviews
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The global obesity epidemic requires innovative, systems-based approaches. A systems approach to obesity prevention and control considers the entire interconnected system for more effective interventions.

Keywords:
global healthmodelingobesitysystems science

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Systems Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obesity is a global epidemic affecting all demographics.
  • Current policies have failed to reverse obesity trends, necessitating new strategies.
  • Obesity is a complex systems problem, not a simple linear issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advocate for and outline a systems approach to obesity prevention and control.
  • To highlight the benefits of a systems approach, such as understanding indirect effects and virtual policy testing.
  • To present key efforts for implementing a systems approach in obesity prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing global perspectives and interdisciplinary collaboration.
  • Employing systems methods like systems mapping and modeling.
  • Integrating research, education, policy, and action through modified traditional approaches.

Main Results:

  • A systems approach offers a comprehensive framework for tackling obesity.
  • It facilitates understanding complex interactions and testing interventions virtually.
  • An example demonstrates convening multidisciplinary teams for systems mapping and modeling in Baltimore, Maryland.

Conclusions:

  • A systems approach is crucial for transforming obesity prevention and control.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration and advanced systems methods are key components.
  • Bridging research, policy, and action is essential for successful implementation.