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Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide
Published on: January 15, 2017
State-of-science: situation awareness in individuals, teams and systems
N A Stanton1, P M Salmon2, G H Walker3
1a Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Bouldrewood Innovation Campus , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.
Abstract:
Our review addresses one of the most used, but debated, topics in Ergonomics: Situation Awareness (SA). We examine and elaborate upon key SA models. These models are divided into individual SA, team SA and systems SA categories. Despite, or perhaps because of, the debates surrounding SA it remains an enduring theme for research and practice in the domain of Ergonomics, now for over two decades. A contingent approach, which seeks to match different models of SA to different types of ergonomics problem, enables the differences between positions to be revealed and reconciled, and the practitioner guided towards optimum methodological solutions. Practitioner Summary: Measuring SA in individuals, teams and systems has become a key objective in Ergonomics. One single approach to SA does not fit all problems encountered. This review shows the importance of considering all three types of models and achieving a match between them and the problem at hand.
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