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Measurement of Fluid Pressure01:16

Measurement of Fluid Pressure

1.4K
Fluid pressure is commonly measured using devices called manometers, which rely on liquid columns to indicate pressure differences. The height of a liquid column in a manometer reflects the pressure exerted by the fluid, providing a simple yet effective means of measurement. Different types of manometers serve specific purposes based on their configurations and the type of fluids involved.
A basic form of manometer is the piezometer, a vertical tube open at the top and filled with the same...
1.4K
Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

939
In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...
939
Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

2.2K
When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
The pressure distribution on the plate can be calculated by determining the force that acts on a differential area strip of the plate. Thus, the magnitude of the force is equal to the...
2.2K
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

2.3K
San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
2.3K
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

2.2K
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
2.2K
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

5.0K
Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
5.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow
08:25

Measurements of Local Instantaneous Convective Heat Transfer in a Pipe - Single and Two-phase Flow

Published on: April 30, 2018

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Relation Between Wire Resistance and Fluid Pressure in the Transient Hot-Wire Method.

H M Roder1, R A Perkins1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|January 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal resistance changes significantly with applied pressure. For accurate thermal conductivity measurements, calibrate instruments in situ or use a specific pressure correction factor for platinum wires.

Keywords:
fluidplatinumpressureresistancethermal conductivitytransient hot-wire

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • The electrical resistance of metals is known to be pressure-dependent.
  • This pressure dependence can impact the accuracy of scientific instruments relying on resistance measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the pressure dependence of metal resistance.
  • To assess the significance of this effect on transient hot-wire thermal conductivity instruments.
  • To provide recommendations for improving calibration accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the relationship between applied pressure and the electrical resistance of metals.
  • Focused on platinum, a common material for hot-wire sensors.
  • Analyzed the impact of pressure-induced resistance changes on thermal conductivity measurements.

Main Results:

  • The pressure dependence of metal resistance is significant for instrument calibration.
  • A relative resistance change with pressure (γ) of -2×10⁻⁵ MPa⁻¹ was determined for platinum.
  • This effect must be considered for accurate thermal conductivity measurements.

Conclusions:

  • In situ calibration of hot-wire sensors is recommended for highest accuracy.
  • If in situ calibration is not feasible, a correction factor for pressure dependence should be applied.
  • Accurate calibration is crucial for reliable thermal conductivity data.