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A Cotinine in Freeze-Dried Urine Reference Material.

Lane C Sander1, Gary D Byrd1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|January 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new freeze-dried urine reference material for cotinine (RM 8444) was developed at three levels. This material aids in validating methods for assessing cigarette smoke exposure in urine.

Keywords:
GC-MScotininecotinine Perchloratepassive smokingside stream smokestandardstobacco

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomarkers of Exposure

Background:

  • Cotinine is a primary metabolite of nicotine, serving as a key biomarker for tobacco smoke exposure.
  • Accurate measurement of cotinine in biological samples is crucial for public health research and clinical assessment.
  • Existing reference materials for urine cotinine are limited, hindering method validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a freeze-dried urine reference material for cotinine.
  • To provide a reliable standard for validating analytical methods used to assess environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
  • To establish reference materials at levels relevant to smokers and non-smokers with varying exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of freeze-dried urine reference material (RM 8444) at three cotinine concentrations (blank, low, high).
  • Gravimetric preparation of low- and high-level materials using pooled urine and cotinine perchlorate.
  • Quantification of cotinine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with cotinine-d3 as an internal standard.

Main Results:

  • Successfully prepared a freeze-dried urine reference material for cotinine (RM 8444).
  • Established three distinct cotinine concentration levels: blank, low (passive exposure), and high (smoker).
  • No significant sample inhomogeneity was detected, indicating material uniformity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed cotinine in freeze-dried urine reference material (RM 8444) meets a critical need for analytical standardization.
  • This RM will enhance the accuracy and reliability of field methods for assessing cigarette smoke exposure.
  • It provides a valuable tool for researchers and laboratories involved in biomonitoring of tobacco exposure.