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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Spectrophotometry is the quantitative measurement of the absorption, reflection, diffraction, or transmission of electromagnetic radiation through a material as a function of the intensity and wavelength of the radiation. A spectrophotometer is a device used to measure the change in the radiation intensity caused by its interaction with the material.
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Filter Transmittance Measurements in the Infrared.

A L Migdall1, A Frenkel1, D E Kelleher1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001.

Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
|January 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new direct detection system accurately measures filter transmittance (0.5% uncertainty) in the 9-11 μm range. This method verifies heterodyne techniques and improves accuracy by minimizing thermal noise and detector non-uniformity.

Keywords:
attenuatorsdirect detectionfilter transmittanceheterodyne detectioninfrared

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Metrology
  • Infrared Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of filter transmittance is crucial for optical systems.
  • Existing heterodyne techniques have limitations in accuracy and dynamic range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel direct detection system for precise filter transmittance measurements.
  • To enable independent verification of heterodyne transmittance measurement techniques.
  • To achieve high accuracy (0.5% uncertainty) over a wide attenuation range (5 decades) in the 9-11 μm spectral region.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modulated source (30 MHz) and a high-accuracy lock-in amplifier.
  • Employed a direct detection approach, adapted from a heterodyne system apparatus.
  • Implemented detector scanning and corrections for non-ideal detector and attenuator characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Achieved relative combined standard uncertainties as low as 0.5% per decade.
  • Demonstrated reliable transmittance measurements over an attenuation range of at least 5 decades.
  • Successfully suppressed thermal background radiation through high modulation frequency and narrow bandwidth.

Conclusions:

  • The novel direct detection system provides a highly accurate method for filter transmittance measurement.
  • The system validates the accuracy of heterodyne techniques.
  • Systematic error analysis and correction methods enhance measurement reliability.