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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
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Brain Areas Responsible for Vigilance: An EEG Source Imaging Study.

Jung-Hoon Kim1, Do-Won Kim2, Chang-Hwan Im3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.

Brain Topography
|January 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that the left prefrontal cortex is key for maintaining vigilance, a crucial aspect of sustained attention. Researchers used a low-cognitive-load task to pinpoint brain activity linked to vigilance fluctuations.

Keywords:
D2 test of attentionElectroencephalographySource imagingSustained attentionVigilance

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Vigilance, or sustained attention, is vital for daily cognitive tasks.
  • Previous research on brain areas controlling vigilance yielded inconsistent findings, possibly due to high-load experimental paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify brain areas associated with vigilance fluctuations over time.
  • To minimize confounding cognitive load by using a low-demand attention task.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the d2-test of attention, a low cognitive load neuropsychological assessment.
  • Conducted electroencephalography (EEG) experiments with 31 young adults.
  • Analyzed EEG source activity temporally correlated with vigilance variations.

Main Results:

  • Left prefrontal cortex activity significantly correlated with vigilance variation.
  • Correlations were observed in delta, beta1, beta2, and gamma frequency bands.
  • No significant correlation was found in the theta and alpha frequency bands.

Conclusions:

  • The left prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in modulating vigilance.
  • This finding suggests the left prefrontal cortex can be used to monitor vigilance changes.
  • It may also serve as a target for noninvasive brain stimulation techniques.