Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Randomized Experiments01:13

Randomized Experiments

9.2K
The randomization process involves assigning study participants randomly to experimental or control groups based on their probability of being equally assigned. Randomization is meant to eliminate selection bias and balance known and unknown confounding factors so that the control group is similar to the treatment group as much as possible. A computer program and a random number generator can be used to assign participants to groups in a way that minimizes bias.
Simple randomization
Simple...
9.2K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

511
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
511
Blinding01:11

Blinding

4.0K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
4.0K
Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

11.0K
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
11.0K
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

670
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
670
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups01:20

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

677
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
677

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Conservative management of < 3cm anterior mediastinal lesions in lung cancer screening is safe.

European radiology·2026
Same author

Symptom prevalence and impact on lung cancer risk in the SUMMIT study.

Chest·2026
Same author

Feasibility and optimization of a novel, cranially-mounted deep brain stimulation device for children with epilepsy - the CADET Pilot study.

Brain stimulation·2026
Same author

WAFER Trial: A randomized controlled trial comparing Wide-awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet (WALANT) to General and Regional Anesthesia with tourniquet for Flexor Tendon Repair.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026
Same author

Therapeutic vitrectomy for non-infectious uveitis.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026
Same author

UK National Screening Committee position statement on evidence required for multicancer detection tests.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·2026
Same journal

Reply to: Olaparib in Metastatic Breast Cancer: The Impact of Prior Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitor Exposure on Efficacy.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Uncontrolled Prediabetes Confounding in the Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Young-Onset Pancreatic Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Brain-Only Progression After First-Line Therapy in Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Treat the Sanctuary, Preserve the Backbone.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Reply to: "Beyond Average Grams: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2*2  and Alcohol-Induced Young-Onset Pancreatic Cancer" and "Uncontrolled Prediabetes Confounding in the Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Young-Onset Pancreatic Cancer".

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Beyond Average Grams: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2*2 and Alcohol-Induced Young-Onset Pancreatic Cancer.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Olaparib in Metastatic Breast Cancer: The Impact of Prior Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 Inhibitor Exposure on Efficacy.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.4K

Investigating Subgroup Effects in Randomized Clinical Trials

Hakim-Moulay Dehbi1, Allan Hackshaw1

  • 1Hakim-Moulay Dehbi and Allan Hackshaw, Cancer Research United Kingdom and University College London Cancer Trials Centre, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|January 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.4K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition
04:53

A Clinical Trial Assessing the Safety, Efficacy, and Delivery of Olive-Oil-Based Three-Chamber Bags for Parenteral Nutrition

Published on: September 20, 2019

11.4K
Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Propensity Score using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

15.4K
Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment
08:36

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Adjuvant Efficacy and Safety of Angong Niuhuang Pill in Viral Encephalitis Treatment

Published on: April 19, 2024

1.3K