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Reduced Hippocampal Functional Connectivity During Episodic Memory Retrieval in Autism.

Rose A Cooper¹, Franziska R Richter¹, Paul M Bays¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

|January 7, 2017

Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impaired memory retrieval, specifically reduced success, not precision. Brain imaging reveals differences in frontal and hippocampal connectivity during memory recall in ASD.

Keywords:

autism connectivity fronto-parietal control network hippocampus memory retrieval

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with memory impairments.
Previous research has not clearly distinguished between retrieval success and precision deficits in ASD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether memory deficits in ASD are due to reduced retrieval success or precision.
To examine the neural mechanisms, including functional connectivity, of memory encoding and retrieval in ASD using fMRI.

Main Methods:

Adults with ASD and neurotypical controls performed a visual memory task using a continuous dial for reconstruction.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity and functional connectivity during encoding and retrieval.

Main Results:

The ASD group demonstrated reduced retrieval success but comparable retrieval precision to controls.
Similar brain activity and functional connectivity were observed during encoding, but encoding-related frontal activity predicted retrieval success only in controls.
During retrieval, the ASD group showed decreased frontal activity and significantly reduced hippocampal connectivity, especially with the fronto-parietal network.

Conclusions:

Episodic memory retrieval in ASD is characterized by reduced retrieval success, not impaired precision.
Differences in brain function, particularly reduced hippocampal connectivity, are evident during memory retrieval in ASD.
Functional connectivity plays a crucial role in understanding recollection deficits in autism spectrum disorder.