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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
4.3K
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

571
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
571
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

514
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
03:19

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Ruptured emphysematous renal cyst.

Abdelrahman Yahya Mohamed1, Fahad Quhal1

  • 1Department of Urology, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.

Urology Annals
|January 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Infections of renal cysts are uncommon in adult polycystic kidney disease. This case highlights a rare ruptured emphysematous renal cyst with gas-forming bacteria infecting the urinary tract.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Urology

Background:

  • Renal cyst infections represent a rare but serious complication in patients with adult polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
  • These infections contribute to approximately 10% of hospitalizations among ADPKD patients, underscoring their clinical significance.

Observation:

  • A rare case involving a ruptured emphysematous renal cyst was observed.
  • The infection extended into the right perinephric space, indicating significant local spread.

Findings:

  • Gas-forming organisms were identified as the causative agents of the infection.
  • The infection involved the renal collecting system and extended into the urinary bladder.

Implications:

Keywords:
Cystemphysematousinfection

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  • This case emphasizes the importance of considering emphysematous complications in infected renal cysts within ADPKD patients.
  • Early recognition and management are crucial to prevent severe morbidity associated with perinephric and urinary tract involvement.
  • Further research into the specific pathogens and optimal treatment strategies for such rare presentations is warranted.